稀土对Fe基合金激光熔覆层抗磨性能的影响

在Fe基合金粉末中引入La2O3,通过激光熔覆得到了同基材结合良好的熔覆层,用扫描电子显微镜观察了稀土含量对熔覆层组织形貌的影响,用显微硬度计测量了熔覆层的硬度分布,并采用MM-200型摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同熔覆层在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明,引入稀土有利于促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性及表面硬度,从而改善熔覆层的摩擦磨损性能.     

α-钛合金TA6的动态力学性能和剪切现象分析

诸多文献已经报道了β和(α β)钛合金冲击和爆炸加载下的绝热剪切现象,本文利用分离式的Hopkinson压杆和反射式Hopkinson拉杆对α-钛合金TA6的动态力学性能进行研究,得到不同应变率下材料的应力-应变曲线,发现钛合金TA6和其他钛合金一样也是一种应变率敏感材料。冲击拉伸加载时破坏形状45度剪切断口,然而其在冲击压缩应力作用下体现为典型的韧性,并未出现其它类型钛合金通常会出现的绝热剪切破坏。进一步分析表明:α-钛合金TA6不同于β和(α β)的钛合金,α-钛合金TA6相对于β和(α β)的钛合金是一种绝热剪切不敏感的材料。同时也利用应力状态的柔韧系数的概念对拉伸时45度的剪切断口解释。     

SMA纤维复合材料梁振动半主动控制

分析了一类形状记忆合金(SMA)纤维混杂层合粱用于振动控制的动力学模型和作用机理．采用多胞模型、形状记忆合金一维本构关系分析方法，同时考虑横向剪切的影响，建立了层合梁的数学模型．半主动控制是通过改变受控结构的参数来减小结构振动的响应．根据开关控制原理确定可变刚度系统的控制律，进行SMA纤维混杂层合粱的半主动控制的数值仿真．结果表明，将半主动控制应用于梁的振动控制是一种有效的方法．     

钻孔法测量残余应力过程中钻孔附加应变的研究（Ⅱ）

本文应用弹塑性理论研究了被测试样的屈服强度、应力场对钻孔法测量残余应力过程中钻孔附加应变的影响,使用简化的理论模型推导了低速旋转钻头钻孔产生附加应变的一般表达式.结果表明钻孔引入的附加应变与被测试样的原始残余应力状态有关,随应力水平增加而增大,在压应力减小到某一临界值σ时,钻孔附加应变为零。在 Ly12铝合金上的实验测量结果与理论结果一致。     

腐蚀磨损协同作用率的研究

提出了腐蚀与磨损“协同作用”的概念，并用于判断腐蚀与磨损协同作用的性质及大小和确定腐蚀磨损过程中材料损失的主要形式。介绍了协同作用率的测定方法，并以Ｇ１０５钢及化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金在５．０％ＮａＣｌ溶液中的腐蚀腐损作为研究对象，研究了载荷、滑动速度对腐蚀磨损协同作用的影响。结果表明：协同作用率随载荷增大而增大，随滑动速度增大而减小。     

铝合金表面等离子体基离子注入碳层的摩擦学性能

在LY12铝合金氮等离子体基离子注入的基础上，制备了3种含不同中间层的碳改性层，用X射线光电子能谱仪分析了改性层的成分分布，考察了中间层对改性层同钢球对摩时的摩擦学性能的影响．结果表明：所制备的碳层改性层表层为平整、光滑、致密的类金刚石碳膜，在界面上注入的碳与中间层反应生成连接化合物，从而使得其表面硬度及摩擦学性能大幅度提高；中间层使改性层结构、厚度及表面形貌发生变化，进而对其表面硬度及摩擦学性能产生影响，其中以注钛后注氮钛中间层所对应的改性层摩擦学性能最佳；但随载荷增加，改性层加速减薄，摩擦学性能降低．     

Al-Zn基耐磨合金的摩擦磨损特性

本文根据滑动轴承材科的性能要求,对自行研制的Al-Zn基耐磨合金的摩擦学性能与ZQSn 6-6-3等的进行了对比试验研究。结果表明,在给定的试验条件下,Al-Zn基耐磨合金的减摩性能、耐磨性能和承载能力都比ZQSn6-6-3的好,且其小含稀贵金属(材料易得),可以作为ZQSn6-6-3的替代材料制作滑动轴承配件。     

Magnetically stabilized bed reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate with amorphous nickel alloy catalyst

A magnetically stabilized bed （MSB） reactor for selective hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was developed by combining the advantages of MSB and amorphous nickel alloy catalyst. The effects of operating conditions, such as temperature, pressure, liquid space velocity, hydrogen-to-oil ratio, and magnetic field intensity on the reaction were studied. A mathematical model of MSB reactor for hydrogenation of olefins in reformate was established. A reforming flow scheme with a post-hydrogenation MSB reactor was proposed. Finally, MSB hydrogenation was compared with clay treatment and conventional post-hydrogenation.     

三氧化二铝短纤维对ZA22合金干摩擦磨损性能的影响

针对无油润滑场合的实际需要，采用挤压铸造法制取了Ａｌ２Ｏ３短纤维强化ＺＡ２２合金复合材料，并对其在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能进行了试验研究，同时还用扫描电子显微镜对试样磨损表面形貌进行了观察，进而对材料的磨损机理作了分析与讨论。结果表明，随着Ａｌ２Ｏ３短纤维含量的增大，ＺＡ２２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料的耐磨性能提高，但摩擦性能降低；当纤维取向垂直于摩擦而时，复合材料的摩擦磨损性能比纤维平行于摩擦面取向     

Shakedown analysis of shape memory alloy structures

Phase transformational shakedown of a structure refers to a status that plastic strains cease developing after a finite number of loading cycles, and subsequently the structure undergoes only elastic deformation and alternating phase transformations with limited magnitudes. Due to the intrinsic complexity in the constitutive relations of shape memory alloys (SMA), there is as yet a lack of effective methods for modeling the mechanical responses of SMA structures, especially when they develop both phase transformation and plastic deformation. This paper is devoted to present an algorithm for analyzing shakedown of SMA structures subjected to cyclic or varying loads within specified domains. Based on the phase transformation and plastic yield criteria of von Mises-type and their associated flow rules, a simplified three-dimensional phenomenological constitutive model is first formulated accounting for different regimes of elastic–plastic deformation and phase transformation. Different responses possible for SMA bodies exposed to varying loads are discussed. The classical Melan shakedown theorem is extended to determine a lower bound of loads for transformational shakedown of SMA bodies without necessity of a step-by-step analysis along the loading history. Finally, a simple example is given to illustrate the application of the present theory as well as some basic features of shakedown of SMA structures. It is interesting to find that phase transformation may either increase or decrease the load-bearing capacity of a structure, depending upon its constitutive relations, geometries and the loading mode.